You can run Linux in Windows by running a free Linux virtual machine player program and opening a free Linux virtual machine!

This is fantastic for a new Linux user who needs to get Linux training and wants to learn Linux in Windows.

You just download Linux in Windows as a “pre-installed” virtual machine, uncompress the virtual machine files in the Linux download file into a folder on the Windows hard disk, and then run a virtual machine player program to run Linux in Windows.

There are lots of new Linux “flavors” (versions) available as virtual machines to choose from. You can experiment with Linux commands to do Linux administration tasks – without messing up Windows on your computer system!

For example, while learning to do Linux administration tasks, you do things like: create a new Linux user, install Linux software programs, and create or delete directories in the Linux file system.

When you do these steps, you may accidentally cause the Linux system to stop working properly. If this happens, all you have to do is erase the Linux virtual machine files, uncompress the original files into their folder again, and start running Linux in Windows again!

The steps below outline how Linux is installed on a computer system, how a Linux virtual machine is created, and how to run Linux in Windows.

Installing the Linux OS on a computer system “from scratch” is a very time-consuming process. You do the following steps:

set up the system to boot from CD / DVD

boot the system with a Linux CD / DVD

run the Linux installation routine

provide several Linux system configuration settings, such as Linux networking settings and partition settings

select the Linux software programs to be installed on the system

wait while thousands of Linux software programs are copied onto the hard disk of the system

To create a Linux virtual machine, someone does the following steps for you:

all the steps above to install the Linux OS on a computer system – as a virtual machine

compresses the files that make up the virtual machine into a single file

puts the virtual machine on a Linux server as a free Linux download file

To run Linux in Windows, you just:

download and install the virtual machine player program

download a single file containing the compressed Linux virtual machine files

uncompress the virtual machine files into a folder

run the virtual machine player

open (and run) the Linux virtual machine

to run a Linux command, open a terminal emulation window on the Linux desktop to get to the Linux command line

Once you get a Linux virtual machine running, you can go to the Linux command line and run Linux commands. This is the best way to learn how to do Linux administration tasks. And you can use Linux video tutorials along with your virtual machine to learn how to use Linux. Just watch a bit of a video tutorial on a Linux command and then go to the Linux virtual machine and try the command yourself!

This is a great way to get Linux training and experiment with using Linux.

By: Clyde E. Boom

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*Cygwin likes to give my my two word windows username which has a space but that is a no no in linux.

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When you’re doing Linux disk partitioning (during or after installing Linux) you will likely run into situations where you can’t create partitions – and can’t do other tasks that you’d like to do with partitions!

This is when you need to understand the Linux hard disk partitioning “rules” described below.

Linux System Admin Training Tips: Keep in mind that the “rules” below apply to using the Linux fdisk command, which is the most commonly used disk partitioning utility. You may be able to “break” these rules with other hard disk partitioning utilities.

“Setting Up” Linux Hard Disk Partitions

You can “set up” and configure your Linux partitions while using the installation routine of most Linux distributions – and also by using the Linux fdisk and parted commands – and some other partitioning commands.

Also, as a Linux System Administrator, you will also need to manage (create, delete, and modify) partitions on existing Linux systems (after the OS has been installed). To do this, you use the fdisk command / utility or the parted command / utility – and there are also other disk partitioning commands and utilities.

There are several Linux hard disk partition “types”, such as primary, extended and logical – and there are also strict “rules” about using these Linux partition types.

Linux Primary Partitions

The disk partitioning utility in a Linux installation routine and the fdisk command (and other disk partitioning commands) can create a maximum of four Primary partitions per hard disk drive.

If you need more than four hard disk partitions, you need to create at least one Extended partition and then create one or more Logical partitions in the Extended partition.

To be able to create an Extended partition on a hard disk that already has four Primary partitions, you need to delete one of the primary Partitions and then create the Extended partition. So, you can have a maximum of three Primary partitions if you are creating an Extended partition on a Linux hard disk.

Linux Extended Partitions

A Linux hard disk must have at least one Primary partition before it can have an Exteneded partition.

fdisk cannot create more than one Extended partition per drive. To be able to use the disk space in an Extended partition, it must have at least one Logical partition (within the Extended partition).

Linux Logical Partitions

Extended partitions contain one or more Logical partitions. An Extended partition is not accessed directly. It is accessed via one or more Logical partitions within the Extended partition. If a hard disk has an Extended partition, then it has at least one Logical partition in that partition.

Partition Numbering

The maximum number of Primary partitions that fdisk can create is four and the maximum number of Extended partitions that it can create is one.

Remember, you must have at least one Primary partition before you can have an Extended partition. You can only have one Extended partition and the maximum number of the combination of Primary and Extended partitions is four.

The Linux disk partitioning concepts covered here apply to: Debian, Red Hat, Fedora, Ubuntu, Slackware, SUSE, openSUSE – and ALL other Linux distributions.

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But with Linux, you can make use of certain commands to forcedly unmount the partition. Actually, so that you may not need Linux recovery, these restrictions are necessary when any other user is accessing it. However, the critical conditions may arise when this is not accepted, so you can make use of these commands. On the other hand, the incorrect use or the mere mistake can again make you feel need of Linux data recovery.

• At first, find out which processes are moving with the device/partition, through the command like:

# lsof | grep ‘/dev/sda1′

Where /dev/sdb1 is the device name.

• You will get an output of the command which will show the process using the device. Just stop the process and then try to unmount using # unmount /dev/sda1 command. –l option can also be used with for lazy unmount. This will cleanup all refrences to the file system

• Now suppose that it is mounted on /mnt directory, then you can forcefully have the desired process through the following command:

# fuser -km /mnt

Here –k kills the file accessing process and –m is the file on a mounted file system or a block device.

As has been stated earlier too, these can affect your data, so better be prepared for any such mishappening. Be sure to run the commands if you are sure of, else to fall for data recovery Linux. The open files may get lost and the programs, which access the files after all has been done, can get error.

If you are an unfortunate user to lose data as such, make use of Linux data recovery software as no other option will do. Linux recovery software scan the drive and recover each bit of the information.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software is the most trustworthy product for getting data recovery Linux. The software is the product of great intellectual effort and can scan the drive by using most powerful scanning algorithms.

You can get Linux recovery for all the files, even system files. The supported file systems include Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems.

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